1
2
  -2023
..  

[   1000  ]
:      : 100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.        '    
()  
()  
2.             
-
3.      '       
4.              ?
-
5.         
2
2
6.              
-
7.              
8.        '    
  -2023
..  

[   1000  ]
:      : 100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.        '    
()  
()  
:       |
     ,   ,      

  ,       : ,          
                
             
 - 
3
2
   , , , ,      

   -   ,         
     
()  
   3,000      ,        , 
 -                 
   ?
   , , ,         
( 1500    600  )         
,          '    ,    
 
   '      :
1.  (  ' )
2.  (  )
3.  (  -  )
4.  (   )
  '    
1.  -    
      ,            
 (),  ( ),   (   )   
1,000                 
      
    :
 -   ,   
 -      -
 -   ,      
4
2
 :   ,    ,  
( ,   ),   ( , ),   
      
2.  -  
                
   ()     ()      

 :       ,      
   
 
3.  -  
 ' '    
        
           
 :       
  -  
                
4.  -  
         (),   (), ,
 ,   ()        
 :           -   ,
  ,            

  -   
 ?
        
         
,       
   -       
    

 
()  
5
2
,         -      
       ,  300    300    
   
   ?
    (    )       
 
      '   ,    
   
 
             :
 ( )
 ( )
 (     )
     
       :
1.  (  )
      ,      
     ( - ,  - ,  - ,  -
,  - ) -        
2.  ( )
  , , , ,        
  , , ,        
   
    :
 - ,     
 -     
 - ,    -    
   -         
 
 
6
2
    
 :    (  ,   )   

 :,   ,        
  
 :   -   , , ,
       
 :, ,      
  -   
 ?
         
             
 -,        
,       
 

             -   , 
    ;   , ,        ,
            -  ,  
  
   ,     
,      
 ,             

2.             
:-
  ,                
     ,  -  -      
       (IVC) ,        
7
2
 2600    1900     ,      
             
    ,         
                 
 ,       
   - 
     (  )     ,   
               
 
     ,        
    ,          ,   
    
             ,
          '      ,
       ()  , 
     
 
 
,               ,  
  
1.  -  
       1920   ,  ,   
        -  
  :           
  (-  - )      
     -  ( )   
 :          ,  
     ' -      
 :        ,  
  
      
:  ,   ,      
    
 
        
8
2
2. - -   
"-"      "  "   ,    ,
   ,            

 : -      ,  
          ( ) 
      
 :           ,  
 ,              
           
  :          
 ,      
 
  :  ,  ,     
 ,        
 
 :-         
          
3.  -    
  ,  ,       '      
         
 :   -,      
         ,     
  -       
  :      ,       

         ,    
        
 
:            
     ,       
 
  
     -      
 
4.  -  
      ,   ,    
9
2
:        ,    
              
      ( )     

:      ,        
        
 :  ,       ,    
:           ,     
        
5.  -     
  ,    
:       ,     
     
  :   ,      ,  
       
  :    ,       
 
  
 1900    ,         
   :
       
, ,    
    
   
,            ,   
      20
    
 
10
2

          -       
       ,    ,     
     
 
    
 ,          
     ,        
 
       
 -          
       
-
3.      '       
: -:      
               
 ;              ,  
         
 ,      
              -   
 ,       ,       
  
      ,    ,     
      
   ?
               ,
      ,        -    
       ,     ()   
:
1. -           
2. -            
3.  -        
4.             
    "" (     ) ,    , 
              
 
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  
             
 
  ,         ,     - 
              , 
         
  , -       -      , 
           -   , 
    ,            
  ,          
    
     1950  -     -  -
    ,           
  
  :
 (   -    ),
 (        '   ),
   (SC/ST/OBC    /  ),
   (          )
          |
               
:
1.  
              
  ,             
  "  "         
  ,
   
 ,         
 
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2.   
  ,  '          
          ,      
    
3.  
     ,    
     
  
           (  ,
,   )              
  
4.   
-              
   ,  ,         
  -             
5.    
-  ,          
  
 ,     
 ,        
        , 
      
  

6.   
            ,  
         ,    
  , -          

       
      -      
:
13
2
1.  
    15   17        -
  
,      ( )  
(SC),   (ST),     (OBC)   
2.   
   (1989)        


,     '     
3.   
   :
. ..  (    )       
    
     (  )       
  
     , ,       

:    
-           ,    
                 
  ,  -       
-      ',    '  
   ,             
    -      -  ,    
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2
 
     ,      
    , 
      ,    -  -  ,  ,
  
4.              ?
: 󷉸󷉹󷉺 -
  , 6
   ,    ,    
     ,           
  ,    ""    ,     ,
     ,    '      ,
  ,               
  
       ' ,          
 -   
       -    ,    ,  
   
󷊄󷊅󷊆󷊇󷊈󷊉  :        
1.    
     ()    -     

         :   ,   '
,            -
    ,       
2.    
  ,   ( )         
       
         
              
 -       
15
2
3.     
           (   )    
-   ,           
     ,      , ,  
                 
  
4.  
    ,           
             
,           
        '   -    
    
5.  
  ()       ,      
   ,           
             
6.   
  (    )         
 ,  , ,          
             
 
7.   
     
,        ( ), 
   (   ),        
 '             
󷈜󷈝󷈞󷈟󷈠󷈡󷈢󷈣  II:          
    ,        7
   
    :
1.     
  ( -
 ) ,         
16
2
             
  
         (    )  
   
      
       
2.     
       :
 ( )
 ( )
 (  )
           
,   
        
3.    
  ,         ,      
(    )          ,    
,     
4.      
11
 12
         
            '  
    ,            ,
   , ,  -    
5.   
  ,             -
'             ,  
     
6.        
   ,           ,   
  ,     '       
      
17
2
󷉴󷉵󷉷󷉶 
            -      
   ,  -         
,         ,     
     
,        ,     '     -
, , ,         ,    ,
      
 
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  
   
   
     
    
     
      
   
   
    
    
, ,  

     
  ()  
 '   ,   

-
5.         
:󹻊󹻋󹻌󹻎󹻍 -
              
       ,      ,    
 ,           ,   
                 
   
18
2
    ,         ,    
     ,          '  
  ,  ""        -    
 ,       

                 
󷉃󷉄   ?
""    ""   ,        
,     
   -      
 ,          
 
          -  - , 
      ,        
      
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈      
                 -  
    
1.    
               
   
       
"               "
(


)
:  , , , ,         
    
;   ,       
   
2.  ()
      ,    ,     
  
    '   
19
2
     
   
:   ,         
 
3.   
        ,      , 
 , ,     
   -  ,     
       " "     
    :     ,     
   
          
,      
4.    
  ,     '  
    
 
             
                 
   
5.     
      -  
              
         
           
6.      
           ,      
 :      
20
2
       ,        
  
7.    
     '   
            
  ,     
          ,    

    -   
8.     
                 

      
,          
-       
󷨕󷨓󷨔       ?
           :
          
            

    , ,     
󷆫󷆪     
           
 
          
21
2
,    '          
  
           ,    ( 
)      
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂 
       
,          
 - , , ,          
    ,         
   
    
    ,      
     
 ,   
-             
6.              
:    -
               
     ,           ,
          (   
  )      ,          
       
           -   ,
,                 
    ,         ,  
     
  
    ,       ,  , 
                
 
  ,    ,  -  
          ,       


22
2
,     ,          ,   
         ' 
:  
  78     ' ,     ( )   

  -             
  ()   
             
   
1.    
            
:
         
     
       
       
    ,          

     ,          
   ,     -    
2.   -    
               
a)    ( 100 )
        ( ,   )   
   '               
    
                
     ,   -    
23
2
)      
         ,       ,
               

 ,           -
  
3.     
        
a)     
  ,       :
  -   -         
      ,  ,  
     
  -         ,       
   
 
                   

)    
  ,   ,          
           
,    
           
4.  
          ,  :
,   ,     
,  ,      ,   
,        
              ,  
         
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5.    
  ,                

   , ,     ,  
    
 - 
       ,       
   ,     
    
   ,        

 ,       ,      
   , , ,        
              
,        ,   ,   
  
  ,          , 
-            
, 
       ,         
      
    :



   

    ;   

     

,     

    ;  

        
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-
7.              
:           
7
    ,           
     ,      - 

,  ,            
   ,          
  
     
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹    :    
   590            ,
,          (  )
       , ,   ,  ,    
    
,               
   ,    ,         
       ,         
       ,         
     
󺃫󺃬󺃭󺃮󺃯󺃰󺃱   :    
 16    ,            
            
1.   :
            ()   
 ,              
       
 
2.  ()  :
      ,    ()      
             ,    
              

26
2
3.   :
   ,        , ,  ,
,               
                

,    
         ' 
   ,           
         
4.   :
    ,     
  ,  
               
     ,  ,      
  
󹻊󹻋󹻌󹻎󹻍      :    
                 , 
  ,          ,   , 
       '  
1.   ( )  :
                (
     )   ,   630      
              
          
    ,         
            ,   '
  ,         
2.  :
  643              
     -       ,    
    ,             
  !
  ,   ( )       
,       ,          
 ,     ,        
27
2
   
             
 
3.   :
  ,        ,      
,             
   ,    
4.  :
       ,         
               
-    ,  -        '   
    
󷨕󷨓󷨔   
   41     647       
,    ,        
   
 
 ,     
 :
          
                

 , ,     
        ,      
    
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 
     
,            
,             
   ,           
 
  
,           
,     ,
               
          
28
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8.        '    
:             ,  , 
          ,     
        9
 13
  ,   
,       
    

          
  :    
   
 1000           ,
   ,       -     ,
               
             , 
      
            
󷨕󷨓󷨔    
        ,     
 -  
     ,         
1.  :    
    
  ,       ,   
                
 ,       1010    
   :
 :             ( 
),    (),    
  :     
 -     

       
 
  :  ,          

     :
  
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   
  
              
 '  
2. :     
             
           ,    ,
             
 
            - 
  
-  ,   ,     
  
         -      
,        
3. :    ,     
      ,          
       '   :
    
  
 
 ,    '            
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    
        ,    , ,  
  -             
-            
30
2
1.  :  
         ,      
    
            
    (   12-  )   
   
    ,          ,
         
2.  :     
             
:
  (   )  ,     
 
        
   ,     ,     
    
3.    
   ,             
        -       :


  

 
       
,      
󷉪󷉫󷉬󷉮󷉭󷉯󷉰󷉱󷉲󷉳     
 
     '     
31
2
 ,        ,    
 
            
    
         
  ,            
 -  ,
     
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
      ,       '   
 :
          -  ,   
      
  '          , 
 '    
 ,     ,     
,         
󷃆󼽢 
 ,         ,     
,      
,          
     
   ,          
  
               , ,
      ,          

   
 -          
 
"                

       ,         "